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在许多构筑物中最重要的地震效应是载荷的变化或增加,由细粒尾砂或废石组成的构筑物,虽然最重要的地震效应不是附加载荷,但载荷的变化会导致材料本身性质的改变。地震可以使构筑物中材料颗粒的结构特性发生改变,由具有剪切强度的固态介质改变成一种无约束的液态介质。这种介质可以泛滥成灾几英里远。液态化和流动由于地震效应对粒状材料最重要的影响
The most important seismic effect in many structures is the change or increase of load. Structures composed of fine grained tailings or waste rock, although the most important seismic effect is not an additional load, but the change of load will cause the nature of the material to change. Earthquakes can change the structural characteristics of the material particles in a structure and change from a solid medium with shear strength to an unconstrained liquid medium. This medium can flood a few miles away. The most important effects of liquefaction and flow on granular materials due to seismic effects