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目前,我国养老金制度的主要覆盖面缺口在农村地区。本文使用覆盖面这个指标对我国当前的农村社会养老保险制度进行了评估。评估结果显示,该制度只覆盖了4.6%的农村60岁以上老年人口,只有10%的农村就业人口参加了农村社会养老保险制度。我国农村社会养老保险制度20余年的政策试验表明,该制度只能是用于部分经济适宜地区的局部制度,而无法实现我国政府提出的全面覆盖目标。六个约束条件表明,全面覆盖的农村养老金制度必须包括非供款型的养老金计划。根据我国的政策实践和发展中国家的经验,文中提出了扩大我国农村养老金制度覆盖面的四个可选政策方案。
At present, the main coverage gap of China’s pension system is in rural areas. This paper uses the indicator of coverage to evaluate the current rural social pension insurance system in our country. The assessment shows that the system covers only 4.6% of the rural population over the age of 60 and only 10% of the rural population participate in the rural social pension insurance system. Our country’s rural social pension insurance system more than 20 years of policy experiments show that the system can only be used for some local economic areas, but can not achieve our government’s comprehensive coverage objectives. Six constraints indicate that a fully covered rural pension system must include a non-contributory pension plan. According to China’s policy practice and the experience of developing countries, four optional policy proposals are put forward to expand the coverage of rural pension system in our country.