许多化学物要经过生物转化才能显现其遗传毒理作用。化学物的生物转化是一个复杂的多步骤过程,可分为二个相继的时相:第一相反应为通过插进或显露某些功能基因而修饰化学物的结构,这些反应包括氧化、还原、水解等;第二相反应为结合反应。在体内,许多组织都具有一定的生物转化能力,但肝脏为化学物代谢的最主要器官。在亚细胞水平,化学物的代谢定位于许多细胞器,但以内质网最为重要,后者含有丰富的 Many chemicals undergo biotransformation to show their genotoxic effects. Bioconversion of chemicals is a complex, multi-step process that can be divided into two sequential phases: the first phase is the modification of chemical structures by inserting or revealing certain functional genes, including oxidation, reduction , Hydrolysis, etc .; the second phase reaction is the binding reaction. In the body, many tissues have a certain degree of bioconversion ability, but the liver is the main organ of chemical metabolism. At the subcellular level, chemical metabolism is localized to many organelles, but the most important is the endoplasmic reticulum, which is rich in