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福尔斯《丹尼尔·马丁》中不断变化的时态,因“最终破坏而不是肯定了个人生活的模式和连贯性”而被视作败笔。但是,如果从文学语用学的视角观察,小说的时态变化、尤其是说者现在以及故事现在的应用,则成为小说人际意义的支点。通过说者现在以及故事现在的交织,《丹尼尔·马丁》成功地实现了人物在精神上的过去与现在之间的穿梭,并与传主的双重自我以及“向前.向后”的心路历程遥相呼应。
The ever-changing tense in the “Daniel Martin” of Falls is viewed as a failure because of “the ultimate destruction rather than the affirmation of the patterns and coherence of personal life.” However, if viewed from the perspective of literary pragmatics, the tense changes of the novel, especially the present and the present application of the speaker, become the fulcrum of the interpersonal meaning of the novel. Through the interweaving of the speaker’s present and the present, “Daniel Martin” has succeeded in achieving the shuttle between the spiritual past and the present and succeeding to the dual self of the evangelist and the “forward” and “backward” Psychological echoes echoes.