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目的分析舟山海岛地区新型布尼亚病毒感染特征和宿主、媒介的感染情况,为其预防控制提供科学依据。方法按照卫生部防治指南开展病例监测,在有病例的地区用布旗法和啮齿动物体表捡蜱法相结合的方法捕蜱,每季度采用鼠笼法捕捉鼠形动物,鉴定种类后无菌解剖取肝、脾、肺和血清,提取RNA后,用荧光定量PCR方法进行检测,用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,Excel 2003软件进行统计学分析。结果岱山县2011-2012年共确诊新型布尼亚病毒感染患者24例,死亡2例;其中男性11例,女性13例;年龄最小47岁,最大85岁,60岁以上发病数占病例总数的70.83%。4例患者有被蜱叮咬史。病例呈散发,有一起家庭聚集性感染病例,一起外地人口进入本地感染病例。采集牛、羊等动物血清25份,野外捕获鼠类111只,布旗法和动物体表捕获法共捕蜱251只,在蜱中检出新型布尼亚病毒核酸阳性。在2例患者血液中分离到2株新布尼亚病毒株,病毒株S基因具有高度同源性,与来源于国内6省新布尼亚病毒的S基因相比具有一定的差异性。结论岱山县已发现多例发热伴血小板减少综合征病例,而且从蜱中检测到新型布尼亚病毒,迫切需要加强对该疾病研究和监测。
Objective To analyze the infection characteristics of new Bunia virus infection and host and vector infections in the island of Zhoushan, and provide a scientific basis for its prevention and control. Methods According to the guidelines of prevention and cure of the Ministry of Health, case surveillance was carried out. In the areas where there were cases, the ticks were collected by the cloth flag method and the rodent body tick picking method. The mouse-shaped animals were captured by the squirrel cage method every quarter. The liver, spleen, lung and serum were extracted, RNA was extracted and detected by real-time PCR. The database was established with EpiData 3.1 software, and Excel 2003 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 24 cases of new Bunia virus infection were diagnosed in Daishan County from 2011 to 2012, with 2 deaths, including 11 males and 13 females. The youngest was 47 years old and the oldest was 85 years old. The number of cases over 60 accounted for the total number of cases 70.83%. Four patients had history of tick bites. Cases were disseminated, with a cluster of cases of family aggression, with a non-local population entering a local case of infection. Twenty-five serum samples from cattle and sheep were collected and 111 rodents were captured in the wild. Totally 251 ticks were collected by the cloth flagging method and animal body surface capture method, and positive for the new Bunyavirus nucleic acid was detected in ticks. Two strains of new Bunyavirus were isolated from the blood of two patients. The S gene of the strain was highly homologous, which was different from the S gene of six strains of New Bunyan in China. Conclusions There are many cases of fever with thrombocytopenia in Daishan County. Besides, the detection of new Bunyan virus from ticks, there is an urgent need to strengthen the research and monitoring of the disease.