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[目的]研究三系杂交稻谷的遗传动态,探索不育系和恢复系各自对杂交稻谷粒性状的影响。[方法]利用华中地区常用的4个三系不育系与27个恢复系(品种)为供试材料,组成4×27NCⅡ交配设计,对三系杂交稻谷粒性状进行了遗传及相关分析。[结果]谷粒长、粒宽、千粒重和长宽比等4个性状均为加性基因效应起主导作用;谷粒长、粒宽、千粒重和长宽比同时受到父母本的影响,但受父本的影响比受母本的影响大。谷粒长、粒宽、千粒重和长宽比都有很高的广义遗传力,分别为99.65%、98.31%、95.27%和98.81%。相关分析表明,粒长与千粒重和长宽比均达极显著正相关;千粒重与粒长和长宽比均达极显著正相关,与粒宽未达显著相关;粒宽与粒长和长宽比达极显著负相关。通径分析表明,粒长、粒宽和千粒重对长宽比的直接通径系数分别为0.6246、-0.555 9和-0.015 8。[结论]该研究系统分析了不育系和恢复系对杂交稻谷粒性状的影响,为杂交水稻高产、优质育种提供了理论基础。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice and explore the effects of male sterile line and restorer line on the grain traits of hybrid rice. [Method] With 4 CMS lines and 27 restorer lines (varieties) commonly used in central China as test materials, the 4 × 27NC Ⅱ mating design was made to analyze the genetic and correlation of grain traits in three-line hybrid rice. [Result] Four traits such as grain length, grain width, 1000-grain weight and aspect ratio both played the leading role in additive gene effect. Grain length, grain width, grain weight and aspect ratio were influenced by parents at the same time. The impact of paternalism is more affected than that of mothers. Grain length, grain width, grain weight and aspect ratio all have very high general heritability of 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between grain length and 1000-grain weight and length-width ratio. Grain weight was significantly and positively correlated with grain length and width-length ratio, A significant negative correlation was found between the two groups. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and grain weight to aspect ratio were 0.6246, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [Conclusion] This research systematically analyzed the effects of CMS and restorer lines on the grain traits of hybrid rice and provided the theoretical basis for high yielding and high quality breeding of hybrid rice.