分析了西汉时期人口与黄河河患的关系 ,认为人们对河患治理的片面性使得人口增长与河患频发呈现出正向比例的关系。这一结论启示人们 ,当前坚持走人口、资源、环境与经济协调发展的可持续道路尤为重要、紧迫。 This paper analyzes the relationship between population and the rivers in the Yellow River during the Western Han Dynasty, and holds that the one-sidedness of people’s control over the river makes the relationship between population growth and the frequent occurrence of river sickness. This conclusion has inspired people to hold that it is particularly important and urgent to stick to the sustainable path of coordinated development of population, resources and environment and economy.