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地应力相对测量是在我国首先发展起来的一种地震前兆观测方法。近二十年来,各种地应力观测方法、仪器经过试验、实测和理论研究,证明地应力相对测量是一种有效的地震预报手段。但是在它的发展过程中也存在一定的困难和问题,引起了广泛的注意。本文试图回答一些普遍关心的问题,并对今后地应力测量的发展提出看法。 一、国内外地应力测量的发展概况 地应力相对测量源于地应力绝对测量,地应力绝对测量源于工程中的岩体应力测量。 1932年在美国科罗拉多河(Colorado Rive7)上的胡佛水坝(Hoover Dam)下面的一个遂道中成功地测定了岩石中的绝对应力,从而开始了岩体应力以至地壳应力测量的研究。五十年来,地应力测量技术获得了飞跃的发展。
The relative measurement of geostress is an earthquake precursory observation method developed in our country firstly. In the recent two decades, all kinds of earth stress observation methods and instruments have been tested, measured and theoretically studied to prove that relative stress measurement is an effective earthquake prediction method. However, there are also some difficulties and problems in its development, which have drawn wide attention. This article attempts to answer some commonly-concerned questions and give some comments on the future development of stress measurement. First, the general situation of the development of in situ stress measurement at home and abroad The relative measurement of in-situ stress is derived from the absolute measurement of in-situ stress. The absolute measurement of in-situ stress is derived from the stress measurement of the rock mass in the project. In 1932, the absolute stress in the rock was successfully measured in a tunnel below the Hoover Dam on the Colorado Rive7 in the United States, and rock stress began to be measured in crustal stress. Over the past 50 years, the geodetic stress measurement technology has made leaps and bounds.