核废料的妥善处理和安全处置是世界各国关注的热点和焦点。近年来,寻求环境友好的污染物高效修复材料逐步成为各国环境科学领域研究的热点。随着环境分子科学的迅速发展,被誉为“21世纪最有应用价值材料”的纳米材料在环境污染治理中的应用越来越受到重视,纳米材料比表面积大,反应活性高,可促进多种界面反应,如对重金属离子及放射性核素的界面吸附及增强氧化-还原反应等,有望在重金属离子及放射性核素等污染治理中发挥重要作用。本文综述了国内外纳米金属材料、纳米金属氧化物材料、碳纳米材料与碳纳米材料复合物以及其他纳米材料在核废料处理中的应用研究进展,探讨了该研究领域的不足,展望了其研究前景,以期为该领域的进一步深入研究拓展新的思路。 The proper handling and safe disposal of nuclear waste are the hot spots and focuses of all the countries in the world. In recent years, the search for environmentally friendly materials for the efficient repair of pollutants has gradually become the focus of environmental science in various countries. With the rapid development of environmental science, nanomaterials, which are praised as “the most valuable material in the 21st century”, have drawn more and more attention in environmental pollution control. Nanomaterials have large specific surface area and high reactivity Promote a variety of interface reactions, such as heavy metal ions and radionuclide interface adsorption and enhanced oxidation - reduction reaction is expected to play an important role in pollution control such as heavy metal ions and radionuclides. This review summarizes the progress in the application of nano-metal materials, nano-metal oxide materials, carbon nanomaterials and carbon nano-materials composites and other nanomaterials in the nuclear waste treatment, discusses the shortcomings in this field of research, and looks forward to its research Prospects, in order to further develop new ideas in this area.