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细胞生存于体液。体液包括血浆、间质液及细胞内液。体液的稳定是维持生命的基础。正常情况下,体液可微有变动,严重的变化可将影响健康,引起疾病,甚而遭致死亡。液体疗法是儿科重要措施之一,如处理不及时,轻者延误病体复原,重者死亡。本文扼要的叙述液体疗法的理论基础和应用,并举病例阐明。水和电解质的平衡婴儿体液占体重的70—75％;成人体液占体重的70％,于细胞内者有50％,细胞外者有20％(此20％包括血浆5％和间质液15％)。婴儿的细胞外液可达体重的20—30％,因婴儿有较高的物质代谢和较大的体表面积,在异常情况下,水分易于损失而致脱水。
Cells survive in body fluids. Body fluids include plasma, interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid. Body fluid stability is the basis for life. Under normal circumstances, body fluids can vary slightly, serious changes can affect health, cause disease, and even cause death. Liquid therapy is one of the important pediatric measures, such as treatment is not timely, the light delayed the recovery of the body, severe cases of death. This article briefly describes the theoretical basis and application of liquid therapy, and cite cases clarified. Balance of water and electrolytes Infant body fluids account for 70-75% of body weight; adult body fluids account for 70% of body weight, 50% of intracellular and 20% of extracellular (20% includes plasma 5% and interstitial fluid 15 %). Infant extracellular fluid up to 20-30% of body weight, because infants have a higher metabolism and a larger body surface area, in exceptional circumstances, the water loss prone to dehydration.