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血液成份细菌污染是继溶血后报告到FDA的输血相关死亡的病因,从1985至1999年,约占输血相关死亡病例的10％(77/694)以上。全血在采集时,细菌污染率目前估计为0.2％,血液成份中PLI的污染率高于RBC,已报道的数据差异很大,随培养、制备或保存方法不同而异,RBC的污染范围为0.002-10％,PLT为0.04-10％。血液成份细菌污染导致输血感染发生率未被精确量化。全国死亡估计主要基于FDA的报告,输注的血液成份的1/6百万至1/9百万,PLT输血为1/1百万。因为几个原因,对血液成份细菌污染引起的输血反应,特别是PLT被低估了。首先,许多发热反应被误诊为输入RBC诱发非溶血性发热反应,或认为是由病人原有疾病造成的,而未被彻底调查以排除细菌污染。其次,FDA仅要求报告在血液采集或输注中出现的死亡病例,而对由细菌污染引起的非致命的输血反应的报告
Bacterial contamination of blood components is the cause of blood transfusion-related deaths reported to the FDA following hemolysis, accounting for more than 10% (77/694) of the total number of deaths related to blood transfusions from 1985 to 1999. At the time of collection of whole blood, the bacterial contamination rate is currently estimated to be 0.2%. The contamination rate of PLI in blood components is higher than that of RBCs. The reported data vary greatly depending on the method of culture, preparation or preservation. The contamination range of RBCs is 0.002-10%, PLT 0.04-10%. The incidence of blood transfusion infections caused by bacterial contamination of blood components has not been accurately quantified. National death estimates are based primarily on FDA reports that 1/6 million to 1/9 million of the transfused blood components and 1/1 million PLT transfusions. Blood transfusion reactions due to bacterial contamination of blood components, especially PLT, have been underestimated for several reasons. First, many febrile reactions are misdiagnosed as imported RBC-induced non-hemolytic febrile reactions or are thought to be caused by the patient’s original illness without being thoroughly investigated to rule out bacterial contamination. Second, the FDA only requires reporting of deaths that occur during blood collection or infusion, while reports of non-fatal transfusion reactions due to bacterial contamination