A model complex optical potential rewritten by the conception of bonded atom, which considers the overlapping effect of electron cloud, is employed to calculate the total (elastic inelastic) cross sections with simple molecules (N_(2), O_(2), NO_(2), NO
A torsion sensor based on the near-helical (NH) long period fiber grating (LPFG) is fabricated by using a high frequency pulsed CO2 laser. Each groove of the NH-LPFG is spirally written in the four sides of a single-mode fiber. The NH-LPFG has