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目的分析四川省高县百日咳流行态势及特征,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法对高县1976-2013年百日咳疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学分析方法进行统计分析。结果 1976-2013年共报告百日咳4 467例,死亡病例2例,年均发病率和死亡率分别为25.09/10万和0.01/10万,发病率经趋势卡方检验,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7882.38,P<0.01)。疫苗使用初期:发病率波动在17.11/10万~437.13/10万之间,年均发病率为96.75/10万,发病率经趋势卡方检验,差异有统计学意义(χ2=212.29,P<0.01)。计划免疫冷链运转期:发病率波动在0.21/10万~35.50/10万,年均发病率为11.16/10万,与疫苗使用初期相比,发病率下降86.89%,发病率经趋势卡方检验,差异有统计学意义(χ2=549.57,P<0.01)。规范门诊接种期:发病率波动在0.01/10万~0.42/10万,年均发病率为0.08/10万,与疫苗使用初期相比,发病率下降98.65%。百日咳一年四季均可发病,主要发病高峰在2-7月份,占病例总数的68.30%,集中在7岁以下的幼托儿童、散居儿童、农民和学生,占病例总数的72.64%,男女性别比1.04∶1。结论高县随着计划免疫疫苗接种率的提高,百日咳发病率呈现逐年下降。发病高峰在春夏季节,以7岁以下的幼托儿童、散居儿童、农民和学生为重点人群。
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation and characteristics of whooping cough in Gaoxian County, Sichuan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods The data of pertussis epidemic in high counties from 1976 to 2013 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 4 467 pertussis and 2 death cases were reported from 1976 to 2013. The average annual morbidity and mortality were 25.09 / lakh and 0.01 / lakh respectively. The incidence was statistically significant by chi- χ2 = 7882.38, P <0.01). The initial use of the vaccine: the incidence fluctuated between 17.11 / 100,000 and 437.13 / 100,000, with an average annual incidence of 96.75 / 100 000. The incidence rate was statistically significant by chi-square test (χ2 = 212.29, P < 0.01). The planned immunization cold-chain period of operation: the incidence of fluctuations in the 0.21 / 100000 ~ 35.50 / 100,000, the average annual incidence was 11.16 / 100,000, compared with the initial use of the vaccine, the incidence decreased 86.89%, the incidence of the trend through the chi square Test, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 549.57, P <0.01). Standardized out-patient vaccination: the incidence of fluctuations in the 0.01 / 100,000 to 0.42 / 100,000, the annual average incidence of 0.08 / 100,000, compared with the initial use of the vaccine, the incidence decreased 98.65%. Pertussis can develop throughout the year, the main peak incidence in February-July, accounting for 68.30% of the total number of cases, concentrated in children under 7 years of age, scattered children, farmers and students, accounting for 72.64% of the total number of cases, gender Than 1.04: 1. Conclusions With the increase of planned vaccination rate in high counties, the incidence of pertussis drops year by year. Peak incidence in the spring and summer seasons, to 7-year-old preschool children, diaspora children, farmers and students as the key population.