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保证金制度是一种质押制度,即履约担保。约定的一方通过质押等一定的保证措施,督促自己按照约定履行义务。广泛意义上的保证制度,可以追溯到远古,在我国历史上的春秋战国时代,诸侯将自己的子女质押给天子,以彰显对天子的忠诚。随着商品社会的发展,这种质押已经从人员及一般的物权,逐步演变为货币的形式。利用现代科技提供的搜索工具,可以检索到保证金经常见诸的领域有:期货、外汇交易、银行、劳务、旅游以及各种合同等。近期,保证金制度还与劳务、家装、社会保障、民工工资、房屋中介、党风廉政建设等结合在一起。分析保证金的用途,一是向要约的另一方承担履约义务的保障和赔偿,一是向消费者提供救济保护。《直销管理条例》所称的直销保证金,实际上是直销公司提供,市场管理部门监管,用于保障直销公司合法经营、直销员和消费者合法权益的专用款项。本文从法理层面对现行直销保证金制度进行思考,以为执法实践中更自觉地规范保证金的提取、管理和使用。
Margin system is a pledge system, performance guarantee. The agreed party pledges itself to fulfill its obligations as agreed upon through certain guarantee measures such as pledge. The guarantee system in a wide sense can be traced back to ancient times. In the era of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in our history, the princes pledged their children to the emperor to demonstrate their loyalty to the emperor. With the development of a commodity society, such pledges have evolved from personnel and general real rights to monetary form. Using modern technology search tools, you can retrieve the deposit often found in areas: futures, foreign exchange transactions, banking, labor, tourism and various contracts. Recently, the deposit system is also combined with labor, home improvement, social security, migrant workers’ wages, housing agencies and party conduct building and clean government building. Analysis of the purpose of the deposit, one to assume the other party to fulfill the obligations of performance protection and compensation, one to provide consumers with relief protection. The “direct sales management regulations,” said the direct sales deposit, in fact, is provided by direct sales companies, market management supervision, for the direct sales company legitimate business, salespeople and consumers legitimate rights and interests of the special funds. This article from the jurisprudence of the existing direct marketing deposit system to think, that law enforcement more consciously regulate the extraction, management and use of margin.