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目的比较分析云南省4个独有少数民族高血压相关知识及自我管理行为现状。方法采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,抽取云南省5 532名≥35岁的纳西族、傈僳族、傣族和景颇族4个独有少数民族常住居民进行问卷调查和血压测量。结果云南省4个独有少数民族的高血压总体患病率为33.95%,纳西族、傈僳族、傣族和景颇族的高血压标化患病率分别为25.43%、18.23%、52.63%和37.95%,以傈僳族最低,傣族最高(P<0.01);知道高血压治疗方法、高血压可预防及预防方法的比例均以傣族最高(P<0.01),知晓高血压不可治愈和需终身服药的比例以纳西族最高(P<0.01),景颇族对以上相关知识的认知水平均为最差。患者自我管理行为方面,自我监测血压、遵医嘱服药、低盐饮食、增加锻炼、减少喝酒的比例差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),均以景颇族最差。结论云南4个独有少数民族的高血压患病率较高,而高血压相关知识普遍缺乏,自我管理行为薄弱,急需加强少数民族地区高血压相关知识的教育和提高其自我管理能力。
Objective To compare and analyze the present situation of hypertension-related knowledge and self-management behaviors among 4 ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province. Methods A multistage stratified sampling method was used to collect the questionnaires and blood pressure of 5 532 permanent residents of ethnic Naxi, Lisu, Dai and Jingpo ethnic groups of 5,532 years old in Yunnan Province. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension among the four ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province was 33.95%. The prevalence rates of hypertension in Naxi, Lisu, Dai and Jingpo were 25.43%, 18.23%, 52.63% and 37.95, respectively %, The lowest Lisu, the Dai highest (P <0.01); know the treatment of hypertension, hypertension prevention and prevention methods were the highest proportion of Dai (P <0.01), aware of the high blood pressure incurable and lifelong medication The proportion of Naxi people was the highest (P <0.01). Jingpo people had the worst cognition level on these related knowledge. Patients self-management behavior, self-monitoring of blood pressure, prescribed medication, low-salt diet, increase exercise, reduce the proportion of alcohol consumption were statistically significant differences (P <0.05), were Jingpo worst. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is high in 4 unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province, while the knowledge of hypertension is generally lacking and the behavior of self-management is weak. It is urgent to strengthen the education of hypertension related knowledge in ethnic minority areas and improve their self-management abilities.