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品格特征的实在性以及对行动的解释力和预测力受到了来自实验心理学的质疑。这些研究的数据表明,美德伦理学家所倡导的宽泛的品格特征在经验上是不充分的,而情境因素比品格特征能够更好地解释行动和预测行动。亚里士多德式的美德伦理学家试图通过揭示一个更丰富的品格概念来回应这种挑战。这个品格概念强调品格特征的整全性以及与实践理性的紧密关联。但是却并没有充分重视那些对道德行为产生重要影响的情境因素所具有的微妙特征。
The reality of character traits and the explanatory and predictive power of action are challenged from experimental psychology. The data from these studies show that the broad character traits advocated by virtue ethics are empirically insufficient and that situational factors can better explain actions and predictions than character traits. Aristotelian virtues Ethnographers seek to respond to this challenge by revealing a richer concept of character. This concept of character emphasizes the integrity of character traits and their close association with practical reason. However, they did not give full consideration to the subtle characteristics of situational factors that have a significant impact on moral behavior.