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根据 3年定位、半定位观测 ,对长江上游云南松林的降水截持效益、林地土壤物理性状及其蓄水效益 ,以及植被削减地表径流与侵蚀的效益进行了研究。结果表明 :云南松林冠层对降水的截留率为 2 1 .85 % ,树干茎流率为2 .5 0 %。不同结构类型云南松林地土壤物理性状、削减坡面径流与泥沙的效益 ,以栓皮栎×云南松混交林为最好 ,灌木云南松林、草被云南松林次之 ,其土壤侵蚀模数分别为 1 .4 1 ,3 6 .6 0 ,4 1 .4 0 kg/hm2 .a。云南松疏林是森林生态系统退化的表现 ,其水土保持效益最差 ,土壤侵蚀模数达 2 6 4 7.0 6 kg/hm2 .a,是云南松及其混交林地的 6 3 .94～1 877.3 5倍
Based on the 3-year orientation and semi-location observation, the effects of precipitation interception on Pinus yunnanensis forests in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, physical properties of the soil in the forestlands and their water storage benefits, as well as the benefits of the vegetation in reducing surface runoff and erosion were studied. The results showed that the canopy retention of rain forest in Yunnan was 21.85%, and that of stems was 2.50%. The soil physical properties of different types of Pinus yunnanensis forests and the benefits of reducing the runoff and sediment of the slope were the best. The Pinus koraiensis × Pinus yunnanensis mixed forest was the best, followed by the shrubs of Pinus yunnanensis forest and the grass followed by the Pinus yunnanensis forests. The soil erosion modulus was 1 .4 1, 3 6 .6 0, 4 1 .4 0 kg / hm2 .a. The Pinus yunnanensis stands are the degradation of forest ecosystem, and the soil and water conservation benefits are the worst. The modulus of soil erosion is 26.4 7.0 6 kg / hm2. A, which is 6.33 ~ 1877.3 of Pinus yunnanensis and its mixed forest 5 times