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越南河内的政府曾经颁布过一条法令:人们每交出一只死老鼠,政府就给他发钱。政府这样做本来是想控制鼠灾,却导致人们养殖老鼠。1947年,当死海的卷轴被发现时,考古学家们悬赏收集新发现的羊皮纸手稿。结果,为了增加手稿数量,那些羊皮纸被撕碎了。同样的事也发生在19世纪的中国,当悬赏征购恐龙骨时,农民们会将挖出的完好恐龙骨砸碎,前去领赏。一家企业的董事会向管理层承诺,一旦实现一个目标,就颁发一份特殊津贴。结果如何呢?经理们将更多的精力用于商定尽量多的目标,而不是思考如何让企业赚钱。
The government in Hanoi, Vietnam, has promulgated a decree: People give him money every time a dead rat is handed over. In doing so, the government originally intended to control the rat plague, but it led people to cultivate the rat. In 1947, when the scrolls of the Dead Sea were discovered, archaeologists offered a reward for the collection of newly discovered parchment manuscripts. As a result, those parchments were torn to increase the number of manuscripts. The same thing happened in China in the 19th century. When the bounty was purchased, peasants smashed the dug up the intact dinosaur bones and went to enjoy the reward. An enterprise’s board promises to management that a special allowance will be awarded once a goal is achieved. What’s the result? Managers are putting more energy into reaching as many goals as they can, rather than thinking about how to make money for the business.