国有企业改革的现实障碍来自改革以来各种局部既得利益的固定化。前一阶段以放权让利为主要特征的改革,一方面使受传统体制束缚的地方政府和国有企业开始有了主动精神,另一方面也使人们得出了一条错误的经验:改革就是要向中央要权、要钱、要政策。尽管放权让利所形成的利益格局,无论从效率原则还是从公平原则看,都存在许多不尽合理的地方,但由于改革的理论目标框 The real obstacle to the reform of state-owned enterprises comes from the immobilization of various vested interests in various fields since the reform. In the previous stage, the reform featuring decentralization of power and profit gave rise to the initiative of local governments and state-owned enterprises that are bound by the traditional system. On the other hand, people have come to a wrong conclusion that reform must be made to the Central Government Right, money, to policy. Although the pattern of interests formed by the delegation of power and benefit, there are many unreasonable places both in terms of efficiency and fairness. However, due to the reform of the theoretical target box