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在现代西方世界的经济体系中,社会福利是一个愈来愈被重视的组成部分,福利开支的增长快于总体经济的增长,使得各国政府的负担越来越重,甚至不堪承受。美国90年代以来连续3年经济低迷,去年秋季以来的复苏仍不尽人意,一个重要的原因是巨额的财政赤字阻塞了用凯恩斯扩大公共开支的办法刺激经济增长的通道,因为,在公共开支体系中,福利开支已达到了社会所能容忍的限度,国家无法再透过增加公共福利开支来刺激经济了。目前,美国在公共项目下的社会福利开支占国内生产总值(GDP)的比重,已达到20％左右;如果将私人社会福利开支考虑进来.这个比例已经越过30％。这是一个惊人的数字。它表明美国经济已是一个高度福利化的经济。那么,这种高度福利化是如何形成的?它的结构怎样?对美国整个国民经济有什么直接和间接的效应?它的前景如何?这是本报告要探讨的问题。
In the modern Western world economy, social welfare is an increasingly important component. Welfare expenditures have risen faster than the overall economy, making the burden on governments more and more unbearable. One of the important reasons why the United States has suffered three consecutive years of economic downturn since the 1990s and the recovery since the fall of last year is still not satisfactory. The huge fiscal deficit has blocked the passage of Keynesian measures to stimulate economic growth because public expenditure systems Welfare spending has reached the limit that society can tolerate, and the state can no longer stimulate the economy by increasing public welfare spending. At present, the share of social welfare expenditures under public programs in the United States accounts for about 20% of GDP. If the expenditure on private social welfare is taken into account, this ratio has already exceeded 30%. This is a staggering number. It shows that the U.S. economy is already a highly welfare economy. So how has such a high degree of welfare been formed? What is its structure? What are the direct and indirect effects on the entire U.S. economy? What are its prospects? This is the issue to be discussed in this report.