巴西是最早全面实施进口替代工业化发展战略的拉美国家之一。 2 0世纪 80年代末 90年代初 ,巴西放弃了奉行 40多年的进口替代工业化战略 ,转而实行贸易自由化。 1 0多年来 ,尽管巴西的宏观经济形势不稳定 ,但贸易自由化的效果基本上符合预期设想。制造业的专业化程度在逐渐提高 Brazil is one of the first Latin American countries to fully implement the strategy of import substitution industrialization. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Brazil gave up its import substitution strategy for more than 40 years and instead implemented trade liberalization. For more than 10 years, although the macroeconomic situation in Brazil has been unstable, the effect of trade liberalization is basically in line with expectations. The degree of specialization in manufacturing is gradually increasing