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我国实行国内商品补贴始于1953年,当时仅絮棉一项。1978年全国价格补贴仅93.86亿元,而到1988年全国价格补贴已增强到316.95亿元,10年间增强了2.4倍。1988年全国的价格补贴和企业亏损补贴为762.78亿元,据测,1989年将达931.17亿元,比上年增涨168.39亿元。1979年以来的10年中,补贴数已突破5000亿元,数额很大。国际上有个不成文的标准,认为补贴额如果占了当年财政收支的40%,财政就要陷入危机了。按此衡量:山东省1987年的补贴额占到当年财政的总支出的47.5%,天津市1988年补贴分别占财政收入和支出的44.9和57.7%;更严重的是北京财政,1988年补贴额占财政收支的47.7%和61.4%,1989年将分别增加到59.3%和76.4%都已“出线”。全国财政补贴占总收入和总支出的比重,1988年分别达25.1%和24.5%,1989年将分别达27.6%和27%,也应该引起注意。我国的财政补贴形式繁多,有中央补贴、地方补贴、企业单位补贴;有生产环节、
China’s implementation of domestic subsidies began in 1953, when cotton was only one. In 1978, the national price subsidy was only 9.386 billion yuan. By 1988, the national price subsidy had been increased to 31.65 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4 times in 10 years. In 1988, the national price subsidies and corporate loss subsidies amounted to 76.278 billion yuan, which is estimated to reach 93.117 billion yuan in 1989, an increase of 16,839 million yuan over the previous year. In the 10 years since 1979, the number of subsidies has exceeded 500 billion yuan, a great amount. There is an unwritten standard in the world. If the subsidy amount accounts for 40% of the fiscal revenue and expenditure of that year, the fiscal crisis will fall into place. According to this measure, the amount of subsidies in Shandong Province in 1987 accounted for 47.5% of the total fiscal expenditure of the year, while the subsidies in 1988 in Tianjin accounted for 44.9% and 57.7% of the fiscal revenue and expenditures, respectively. More seriously, Beijing’s fiscal subsidies in 1988 Accounting for 47.7% and 61.4% of the fiscal revenue and expenditure. In 1989, they increased to 59.3% and 76.4% respectively. The share of national financial subsidies in total income and total expenditure, which hit 25.1% and 24.5% respectively in 1988 and 27.6% and 27% respectively in 1989, deserves more attention. There are many forms of financial subsidies in our country, including central subsidies, local subsidies and subsidies from enterprises; production processes,