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目的了解本市手足口病肠道病毒的型别、分布特征和流行趋势,为进一步预防控制该病的流行提供实验室技术支持。方法采集手足口病疑似患者的咽拭子标本,提取RNA,应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法进行肠道病毒通用型、EV71型及Cox A16型的核酸检测,统计检测结果并分析。结果共检测手足口病患者标本947份,总阳性率为58.61%,其中EV71型阳性率为37.17%、Cox A16型阳性率为8.45%,其他EV病毒阳性率为12.99%。男性阳性率为58.39%,女性阳性率为59.05%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。农村患者阳性率为61.12%,城市患者阳性率为52.24%,二者的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.247,P<0.05)。1岁~3岁组低龄儿童占确诊患者的78.38%。结论枣庄市手足口病病原以肠道病毒EV71型为主。有明显的时间和人群分布特征。每年的5月-7月为发病高峰期。农村1岁~3岁组低龄儿童是手足口病的主要发病群体。
Objective To understand the type, distribution characteristics and epidemic trend of enterovirus in hand, foot and mouth disease in this city and to provide laboratory technical support for further prevention and control of the epidemic. Methods Throat swabs were collected from suspected patients with hand-foot-mouth disease and RNA was extracted. Nucleic acids of EV71 and Cox A16 genotypes were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Results and analysis. Results A total of 947 samples of hand, foot and mouth disease were detected, the total positive rate was 58.61%. The positive rate of EV71 was 37.17%, the positive rate of Cox A16 was 8.45%, and the positive rates of other EVs were 12.99%. The positive rate of male was 58.39%, the positive rate of female was 59.05%, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The positive rate of patients in rural areas was 61.12%, the positive rate of urban patients was 52.24%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.247, P <0.05). Children aged 1 to 3 years old accounted for 78.38% of the patients diagnosed. Conclusion The pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease in Zaozhuang is mainly enterovirus EV71. There is a clear distribution of time and population characteristics. The annual May-July peak incidence. Rural 1-year-old to 3-year-old group of young children is the main incidence of HFMD group.