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乙型肝炎是世界主要疾病之一,全世界约有三亿人受到乙肝死亡的威胁,每年有一百万以上的新生儿感染乙肝,其死亡率超过了世界最严重的疾病,如白喉、百日咳、小儿麻痹和艾滋病。我国属于乙型肝炎高发区,乙肝流行率为50～60％,幼儿感染率很高,表面抗原阳性者主要是三岁以前的儿童,占全年龄组的50％以上。HBsAg阳性母亲的子女其表面抗原阳性率较阴性母亲的子女高5倍之多,特别是HBeAg阳性母亲的子女有90％成为慢性HBV长期携带者,HBsAg阴性母亲的子女其HBsAg新阳转者则为人群HBsAg阳性总数的16％,这种在儿童期发生的乙肝病感染可能形成慢性肝病、肝硬
Hepatitis B is one of the major diseases in the world. About 300 million people worldwide are threatened with death from hepatitis B, and more than 1 million newborns are infected with hepatitis B every year. Their mortality rate exceeds the world’s most serious diseases such as diphtheria and pertussis , Poliomyelitis and AIDS. China is a high incidence of hepatitis B, hepatitis B prevalence rate of 50 to 60%, high prevalence of young children, surface antigen-positive children mainly before the age of three, accounting for more than 50% of the entire age group. HBsAg-positive mothers have 5 times more surface antigen positive than their negative counterparts, especially 90% of HBeAg-positive mothers have long-term chronic HBV carriers and HBsAg-negative mothers have HBsAg-positive mothers 16% of the total number of positive HBsAg-positive individuals in the population, which may develop chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis in childhood