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[目的]探讨某烟草仓储库在常规熏蒸杀虫及开仓通风散气过程中,不同时段工作场所空气中磷化氢(H3P)浓度变化、劳动者接触水平及危害特征,为职业安全和健康管理提供依据。[方法]通过职业卫生学调查和现场试验,采用与熏蒸和散气过程同步采样方法,采取不同时段空气中H3P浓度,结合接触者健康资料进行分析。[结果](1)磷化铝(AlP)单位投放量按库内容积为0.2～0.5g/m3不等;(2)库内各楼层熏蒸浓度分别设计为20～120ppm;(3)熏蒸时熏蒸岗位H3P浓度范围为3.12～17.9mg/m3;(4)开仓散气前库内各楼层H3P浓度分别为34.1～70.0ppm;(5)通风散气48h以后库内H3P的浓度逐步下降至国家职业接触限值,至168h时H3P浓度低于检出限。[结论]烟草熏蒸职业目标疾病是预防急性H3P中毒,控制熏蒸过程是控制H3P危害的关键措施,入库作业前检测H3P浓度是预防中毒的基本措施。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the change of phosphine (H3P) concentration in workplace air, the exposure level and the hazardous characteristics of workers during routine fumigation insecticide and open-air ventilation and air-diffusion in a certain tobacco warehouse for occupational safety and health Management provides basis. [Methods] Through occupational hygiene investigation and field test, the method of synchronous sampling with fumigation and air diffusion was adopted, and the concentration of H3P in air at different time was analyzed, and the health information of the contact was analyzed. [Results] (1) The dosage of aluminum phosphide (AlP) units was 0.2 ~ 0.5g / m3 according to the volume of the library; (2) the fumigation concentrations of all floors in the store were designed to be 20 ~ 120ppm; (4) The concentrations of H3P in each storey before storage were 34.1 ~ 70.0ppm; (5) The concentrations of H3P in the store gradually decreased to National Occupational Exposure Limit, H3P concentration below detection limit at 168 h. [Conclusion] Tobacco fumigation occupational target disease is to prevent acute H3P poisoning and to control the fumigation process is the key measure to control the harm of H3P. The detection of H3P concentration before storage operation is the basic measure to prevent poisoning.