一现代中国考古学诞生之后,在对中国上古史所作分期描述中,一直存在着历史文献学和考古学两大话语系统。前者以神话传说表述远古时期,在进入历史时期后,一般采用朝代名;后者习惯以考古学文化来命名史前时期,已被证明为信史者则与文献史学合流,亦冠之以朝代名或主要诸侯国名。只是在这种情况下,两大话语系统才归于一系。其实,鉴于中国历史与考古学界的学术传统及对学科终极目的的定位,无论文献史学界还是考古学界,都是把两大话语系统最大限度的趋同作为努力的方向的。也即将“信史时代”的上限尽可能前提,扩大两大话语系统的“共同语言”部分。随着中国考古学的长足进展,文献史学界开始更为广泛地采用考古学的分期词汇。最为典型的例子是近年出版的白寿彝总主编的《中国通史》,邀约考古学者来撰写“远古时代”部分。史前考古“本身就可以大体复原远古时代的漫长历史,传说资料反而 After the birth of modern Chinese archeology, there have been two systems of historical philology and archeology in the staging description of Chinese ancient history. The former uses myths and legends to describe the ancient times. After entering the historical period, it generally adopts the dynastic name. The latter is accustomed to the prehistoric period with the archeology culture. It has been proved that the history of the foreigners merge with the historical literature, The main princes country name. Only in this case, the two major discourse system was attributed to a series. In fact, in view of the academic tradition of Chinese history and archeology and its orientation to the ultimate goal of the discipline, neither literature historiography nor archeology has taken the maximum convergence of the two discourse systems as the direction of their efforts. It is also about to set the upper limit of the ”Age of Information and History“ as much as possible and expand the ”common language“ part of the two discourse systems. With the rapid development of Chinese archeology, the literature historians began to adopt the archeological staging term more widely. The most typical example is the ”General History of China“, edited by Bai Shouyi in recent years, who invited archaeologists to write the section entitled ”Ancient Times.“ Prehistoric archeology ”itself can generally restore the long history of ancient times, the legendary data instead