外国、特别是西方的社会保险体系的发展程度相当高。20—30年代只有两种保:养老金和失业救济金。以后,逐渐实行了各种新的帮助制度:丧失赡养者的补助金、丧失劳动力的补助金、医疗补贴,等等。拨款的三个来源从国家、私营部门和投保人三者之间资金支付分摊的角度看,资本主义国家退休金保障的演变颇有意思。例如,在美国,从30年代到70年代,国家的作用不断提高,而公司的作用则 The development of social insurance systems in other countries, especially in the West, is quite high. There are only two types of insurance in the 20-30’s: pensions and unemployment benefits. Since then, various new help systems have been gradually introduced: subsidies for the loss of the supporters, subsidies for loss of the workforce, medical subsidies, and the like. Three Sources of Appropriations The evolution of pension security in capitalist countries is quite interesting from the point of view of the distribution of funds between the three countries, the private sector and the insured. For example, in the United States, from the 1930s to the 1970s, the role of the state was constantly increasing while that of the firm