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帕特里夏·沃芙是西方最早对元小说作出系统阐释的理论家之一。她把元小说的特点概括为:对创作想象力的颂扬和对自身再现能力的不确定;对语言、形式和写作行为极度的自我关注;对小说与现实之间关系的无所不在的踌躇;戏仿、游戏或过度故作幼稚的写作风格。并从三个层面讨论了元小说的自我意识,即框架意识、游戏意识和视现实为人工制品的虚无意识。此外,通过对元小说的演变历程的分析,沃芙改变了人们对它的偏见,引导人们对其作出客观评价。
Patricia Waugh is one of the earliest theorists in the West to systematically explain metafiction. She summarizes the characteristics of meta novels as: the celebration of creative imagination and the uncertainty of their ability to reproduce themselves; the extreme self-focus on language, form and writing; the ubiquitous hesitation of the relationship between fiction and reality; , A game or overly prescriptive writing style. It also discusses the self-awareness of metafiction from three aspects: the frame consciousness, the game consciousness, and the unconsciousness of visual artifacts. In addition, through the analysis of the evolution of the novels, Wauff changed the prejudice against it and led people to make an objective assessment of it.