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苏联建国以来一直实行计划经济,国民经济计划由国家统一制定和管理。他们认为,集中计划管理是发展社会主义经济的一种重要手段。有计划才能保证社会生产持续、稳定和按比例地高速发展,才能正确布局全国的和地区的生产力,充分利用财力、物力和人力,以保证社会扩大再生产。然而,苏联的集中计划管理制度,在科技革命时代,在经济规模越来越庞杂的情况下,遇到了困难。为克服某些机制障碍,1965年曾进行过一次全面经济改革,开始强调经济刺激的作用并扩大企业的自主权,而后又重视集中计划的作用,并致力于提高计划质量。
Since the founding of the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union has been implementing a planned economy and its national economy has been formulated and managed by the state. They think that centralized planning and management are an important means of developing the socialist economy. With a plan to ensure a sustained, steady and pro-rata rapid development of social production, we can correctly lay out the national and regional productive forces and make full use of financial, material and human resources to ensure that the society can expand reproduction. However, the centralized planning and management system of the Soviet Union encountered difficulties in the era of scientific and technological revolution in an increasingly complicated economy. To overcome some of the institutional obstacles, a comprehensive economic reform took place in 1965, beginning to emphasize the role of economic stimulus and expanding the autonomy of enterprises. Emphasis was then placed on the role of concentration programs and on improving the quality of programs.