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目的了解甘肃省兰州市农村儿童基础免疫和扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种情况,分析影响接种率的主要原因。方法采用随机抽样方法,以出生日期为2003年1月1日—2014年12月31日兰州市榆中县、安宁区和城关区97个行政村符合免疫接种年龄的所有儿童及其家长作为调查对象,采用自行设计问卷进行面对面自填式问卷调查。结果共调查兰州市城关区、安宁区和榆中县97个行政村免疫接种适龄儿童644人,其中男童340人、占52.80%,女童304人、占47.20%,建卡630人、建卡率97.83%;含麻疹成分疫苗全程接种合格率城关区高于安宁区(χ~2=8.67)和榆中县(χ~2=7.95),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);“白破”疫苗接种合格率榆中县高于城关区(χ~2=7.02)和安宁区(χ~2=12.39),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);A群多糖流脑疫苗接种合格率城关区高于安宁区(χ~2=5.78)和榆中县(χ~2=16.45),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);A+C群多糖流脑疫苗接种合格率榆中县高于城关区(χ~2=7.14)和安宁区(χ~2=8.49),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);甲肝疫苗接种合格率榆中县高于城关区(χ~2=23.96)和安宁区(χ~2=4.66),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);617名家长甲肝疫苗知晓率最高(83.63%),其次为乙脑减毒活疫苗(79.42%),而知晓率最低的是“麻腮”疫苗(54.78%);643名家长从预防保健机构的宣传获取率最高(86.94%),而从广播和报纸中获取率较低,分别为7.47%和8.71%。结论兰州市农村儿童免疫接种合格率偏低,应加强农村儿童预防接种工作的宣传力度,进一步提高儿童免疫接种的合格率,提升家长和村医对儿童免疫接种相关知识的认知水平。
Objective To understand the basic immunization of rural children in Lanzhou, Gansu Province and to expand the vaccination coverage of national immunization programs, and to analyze the main reasons that affect vaccination rates. Methods A random sampling method was used to survey all children and their parents who were immunized in 97 administrative villages in Yuzhong County, Anning District and Chengguan District of Lanzhou from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2014 Subjects, self-designed questionnaires for face-to-face self-administered questionnaires. Results A total of 644 school-age children were immunized in 97 administrative villages in Chengguan District, Anning District and Yuzhong County of Lanzhou City, of which 340 were boys and 52.80% were girls, 304 were girls, accounting for 47.20% (97.83%). Vaccination rate of measles-containing vaccine was significantly higher in Chengguan District than in Anning District (χ ~ 2 = 8.67) and Yuzhong County (χ ~ 2 = 7.95) The prevalence of “white broken” vaccination was higher in Yuzhong County than in Chengguan District (χ ~ 2 = 7.02) and Anning District (χ ~ 2 = 12.39), with significant difference (all P <0.05) The prevalence of cerebral vaccination was significantly higher in Chengguan District than in Anning District (χ ~ 2 = 5.78) and Yuzhong County (χ ~ 2 = 16.45) (all P <0.05) The qualified rate of vaccination in Yuzhong County was higher than that in Chengguan District (χ ~ 2 = 7.14) and Anning District (χ ~ 2 = 8.49), the difference was statistically significant There was a significant difference between Chengguan District (χ ~ 2 = 23.96) and Anning District (χ ~ 2 = 4.66) (all P <0.05); 617 parents had the highest awareness rate of hepatitis A vaccine (83.63% Live vaccine (79.42%), while the lowest awareness rate is “Ma cheek” vaccine (54.78%); 643 parents from prevention Health care organizations received the highest rate of publicity (86.94%), while radio and newspapers received a lower rate of 7.47% and 8.71% respectively. Conclusion The passing rate of children immunization in rural areas in Lanzhou is low. Propaganda of rural children vaccination should be strengthened so as to further improve the rate of children’s immunization and improve the cognition of parents and village doctors about knowledge of immunization.