十七——十八世纪,拿破仑称帝时发动战争,大批人员参战,出现大批伤员。开始采用临时性夹板固定四肢骨折,给军阵外科提出了新的要求,即将临时夹板固定改为标准夹板。到1852年ПИРОТОВ氏首先应用石膏绷带于野战外科,1854年 Mathezen 氏也推荐石膏绷带作为四肢骨折周定的材料,到1870年普法战争期间,托马氏(Thomas)设计了下肢夹板,但未被法医界所接受,同年 Esmach 氏推荐网状铁丝夹板,1875年 Cramer 氏介绍 Seventeen - eighteenth Century, Napoleon proclaimed himself a war, a large number of personnel into the war, a large number of wounded. Beginning to adopt temporary splint fixation of limb fractures, military surgeons put forward new requirements, the temporary splint is fixed to a standard splint. By 1852 ПИРОТОВ was the first to apply plaster bandage to field surgery. In 1854 Mathezen also recommended plaster bandages as the materials for the fracture of the extremities. By the 1870 Franco-Prussian war Thomas designed the lower extremity splint but was not Accepted by the forensic profession, the same year Esmach’s recommended mesh wire splint, Cramer’s introduction in 1875