一、现行初中历史教学与考试存在弊端:忽视学生对历史的感知、体验、理解和运用现行的历史考试制度,在引导学校开设课程方面起到了有力的引导作用。问题在于,实施新课程后,传统考试的功能、内容、形式、方法和技术等方面,已严重不适应新课程的要求。传统考试过于注重历史知识的 I. The current junior high school history teaching and examination has its drawbacks: it ignores the students’ perception, experience, understanding and application of the current historical examination system in history, and plays a powerful guiding role in guiding the school to open courses. The problem is that after the implementation of the new curriculum, the functions, contents, forms, methods, and techniques of traditional exams have been severely out of tune with the requirements of the new curriculum. The traditional exam places too much emphasis on historical knowledge