计算技术自身原理、架构的不断演进是计算机产业持续发展的根本动力。近年来,量子计算、分子计算、DNA生物计算、神经网络计算等新型计算技术层出不穷,石墨烯材料更是对传统的以硅基半导体技术为支撑的计算机产业发起了强有力的挑战。新型计算技术的演进路径、适用场景和产业化前景不尽相同,可能带来对现有计算机产业的改良,甚至颠覆。我国产业界应对此保持科学认识,积极应对,化风险为机遇。传统计算技术面临体系困局计算技术演进至今,计算机结构始终沿用冯·诺依曼架构,芯片设计方面延续电子管、晶体管、集成电路、超大 The principle of computing itself, the continuous evolution of the architecture is the fundamental driving force for the continued development of the computer industry. In recent years, new computational techniques such as quantum computing, molecular computing, DNA biological computing, and neural network computing have emerged in an endless stream. Graphene materials have also posed a powerful challenge to the traditional computer industry supported by silicon-based semiconductor technology. The evolution paths, applicable scenarios and industrialization prospects of new computing technologies are different, which may lead to the improvement or even subversion of the existing computer industry. Our country’s industry should maintain a scientific understanding of this response, and actively respond to risk as an opportunity. Traditional computing technology is facing the dilemma of the evolution of computing technology So far, the computer structure has always followed von Neumann architecture, chip design continuation of the tube, transistor, integrated circuit, large