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一、问题的提出 高速公路运输是现代化的运输手段,它所具有的“方便灵活、快速安全、可实现门到门送达”等特点使其在中长途运输中具有很大优势,也成为其他运输方式的补充和延伸,从全球范围来看,高速公路的重要性正日益受到重视。 我国的高速公路建设起步较晚。20世纪80年代中期以来,随着我国改革开放、国民经济的发展和综合国力的增强,各地的高速公路建设也有了很大的发展。尤其是在“八五”和“九五”期间,高速公路的建设速度更加迅猛。目前来看,尽管我国高速公路总里程排在世界前列,但我国的高速公路密度和高速公路在公路总里程中所占的比重都比较低,与工业化国家相比还有相当的差距。
First, the problem raised Expressway transport is a modern means of transport, which has a “convenient and flexible, fast and secure, door-to-door delivery can be achieved ” and other characteristics make it in the long-distance transport has a great advantage, also As a complement and extension to other modes of transport, the importance of freeways is gaining increasing importance on a global scale. China’s expressway construction started late. Since the mid-1980s, with the reform and opening up of our country, the development of the national economy and the enhancement of overall national strength, the construction of expressways in various places has also made great strides. Especially during the “85” and “95” period, the construction of expressways is even more rapid. At present, although the total mileage of expressways in our country is among the highest in the world, the density of expressways in our country and the proportion of expressways in the total mileage of highways are relatively low, and there is still a considerable gap compared with the industrialized countries.