大学生听力理解中存在的主要问题有语言基础知识欠缺、文化背景知识障碍、心理因素障碍等。从听觉认知的角度出发解决这些问题的主要对策是训练学生掌握音位的概念;注重对读音规则的教授;指导学生正确选择听力练习材料等。 The main problems in college students’ listening comprehension are lack of basic knowledge of language, knowledge of cultural background and psychological barriers. The main countermeasures to solve these problems from the perspective of auditory cognition are to train students to grasp the concept of phoneme, to pay attention to the teaching of pronunciation rules and to guide students to choose their listening practice materials correctly.