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一马克思主义的一个基本观点就是,人的心理是社会的产物。马克思还曾将这一论断与人的社会性本质联系起来加以考察,他说:“既然人天生就是社会的生物,那他就只有在社会中才能发展自己的真正的天性。”①恩格斯又进一步指出,在考察人的愿望、激情、思虑、动机、幻想等心理形式时,必须探究它们的“历史原因”。②后来普列汉诺夫在深入研究了原始民族的种种审美心理形式如“模仿的倾向”、“矛盾的倾向”、“对立的原理”、“对称的规律”、“觉察节奏的音乐性和欣赏它的能力”等以后,得出了这一著名的结论:“心理现象的这整个复杂的辩证法的基础就是社会方面的各种事实。”③这一道理可以在中外文艺史上找到有力的印证。
A basic view of Marxism is that human psychology is a product of society. Marx also examined this assertion in connection with the social nature of man, saying: “Since man is born to be a creature of society, he can develop his true nature only in society.” 1 Engels further It points out that when examining the psychological forms of people’s wishes, passion, thoughts, motives, fantasies, etc., they must explore their “historical reasons.” (2) Plekhanov later studied various aesthetic psychological forms of the primitive people, such as “tendencies of imitation,” “contradictory tendencies,” “principle of opposition,” “law of symmetry,” “perceived rhythm of music and The ability to appreciate it, ”came to this well-known conclusion:“ The whole complex dialectics of the psychological phenomenon is based on various facts of the society. ”③ This principle can be found in the history of Chinese and foreign literature and history to find a strong proof .