论文部分内容阅读
一、我国乡镇企业的发展与职业卫生问题据统计,1990年全国的乡镇企业数已达1800万家,从业人员达9300万人,占全国农村劳动力的50%以上;工业产值达7000亿元,约占全国工业总产值的30%;出口创汇130亿元,占全国出口创汇总额的1/4。显然,乡镇企业已在国民经济发展中居于“三分天下有其一”的重要位置。然而,乡镇工业带来的职业危害问题,亦同样十分突出。小工业除具有与大工业相似的职业性危害外,还存在着设备简陋、工艺落后、管理水平低、人员文化及技术素质不相适应,以及卫生服务系统不健全等诸多职业卫生与安全问题。1984～1985年,卫生部曾组织对江苏、山东、广东、河北、内蒙、北京和天津七省、市、
I. Development of China’s township and village enterprises and occupational health According to statistics, in 1990, the number of township and village enterprises across the country had reached 18 million, employing 93 million people, accounting for more than 50% of the country’s rural labor force; the industrial output value reached 700 billion yuan. It accounts for about 30% of the country’s total industrial output value; it earns 13 billion yuan in exports, accounting for 1/4 of the country’s total export earnings. Obviously, township and village enterprises have already occupied an important position in the development of national economy. However, the occupational hazards brought by township and township industries are also very prominent. Apart from the similar occupational hazards to large industries, small industries still have many occupational health and safety issues, such as poor equipment, backward technology, low management level, unsuitable personnel culture and technical quality, and imperfect health service systems. From 1984 to 1985, the Ministry of Health had organized seven provinces and cities in Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, and Tianjin.