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过去30年里,欧洲的工业生产体系逐步从高度集中于工业区的福特主义向分散制造的后福特主义转变。随着这种转型,西方国家城市普遍出现旧工业区。这些地方依然有着潜在的经济价值,但荒废弃置阻碍了这些价值的发挥。为释放其经济价值,迫切需要以保护和循环利用的策略来取代拆迁和重建。自20世纪70年代以来,工业遗产地的实验性更新策略已成为设计实践的保留节目。文章通过对德国鲁尔河谷埃姆歇公园、荷兰阿姆斯特丹废弃旧港区NDSM码头和Sulzerareal——一座位于瑞士Winterthur的旧钢铁联合企业——3个案例的批判性对比,提出讨论“自适应再利用”方法。这些设计通过实验性的新替代策略实现工业区的更新,尽量减少必须的干预和激活长周期过程,与完全修复相比,这显得更有效率也更经济。这个过程通常始于大片场地中一小块剩余场地的物质性修复,从而引发周围环境和城市关系的改进。这种方法通常提高地区的可达性,增加其孔隙度和均质性,避免产生与毗邻用地没有联系的社会隔离的飞地。这也可能激活与该地区有影响力的正式或非正式社会组织协商的进程,实践以人为本的治理和问责。这一转型进程吸引或排斥哪些人,他们的水平如何,将决定新的市民中心能否巩固,也关乎后工业时代的身份认同。除了物质空间影响之外,对这些转型的分析突出了该进程对社会融合、生态和文化意识的提升的影响,这些都是环境转型中的关键问题。
Over the past three decades, the system of industrial production in Europe has gradually shifted from Fordism, which is highly concentrated in the industrial area, to decentralized post-Fordism. With this transformation, the old industrial areas are common in cities in western countries. These places still have potential economic value, but abandoned dispossession hindered the development of these values. To release their economic value, there is an urgent need to replace demolition and reconstruction with strategies for conservation and recycling. Experimental remediation of industrial heritage sites has become a retention program of design practice since the 1970s. The paper presents a discussion on “3 case-by-case comparisons of three cases of the NDSM terminal in Sardinia, the abandoned port of Amsterdam, Somerset, the Ruhr Valley in the Ruhr Valley in Germany, and the old steel conglomerate in Sulzerareal in Winterthur, ”method. These designs enable the industrial zone to be up-to-date through experimental new alternative strategies, minimizing the need for intervention and activating long-cycle processes, which is more efficient and economical than complete repair. This process usually begins with the material remediation of a small piece of the remaining site in a large area, leading to improvements in the environment and the city. This approach usually increases accessibility in the region, increases its porosity and homogeneity, and avoids the creation of socially isolated enclaves unrelated to the adjacent sites. It may also activate the process of consulting with influential formal or informal social organizations in the region and implement people-centered governance and accountability. What kind of people are attracted or excluded by this transitional process and their level will determine the consolidation of new civic centers and the identity of the post-industrial era. In addition to the physical space implications, the analysis of these transitions highlights the impact of the process on social integration, ecological and cultural awareness raising, all of which are key issues in environmental transformation.