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建国前,上海职工家庭生活十分贫困一半以上职工家庭收入不敷支出1927年11月到1928年10月,当时的北平调查所,与上海调查货价处(后改组归并为税则委员会)合作,所作的230户上海纱厂工人家庭生活调查材料,以比较具体的事实反映了那时上海工人家庭的贫困情况。这次调查,以上海西区曹家渡为调查区域。据调查,这230户纱厂工人家庭,共有家庭人口1,097人,平均每户4.77人。在这1097人中,有职业人口538人(内有童工6人),平均每户有职业人口2.34人。他们多数在纱厂工作,其中男工在纱厂工作的占83.7%;女工在纱厂工作的占92.7%。这些纱厂工人的工作时间都比较长,平均每日工作时间达到10.4小时,较当时公认的工作时间超过了2小时24分,有些工人的工作时间高达12小时以上。他们受尽资本家的剥削,但所得甚少,纱厂的普通工人中,每一男工每月工资收入为13.85元(银元,下同),每一女工每月工资收入为12.15元;按当时每斤白米价格0.073元计算,每一男工只能得到白米190斤,每一女工只能得到白米166斤。由于他们的工资收入比较低,因而他们的家庭生活十分贫困,其贫困程度可以从下列三个方面来看:
Before the founding of New China, the family life of staff and workers in Shanghai was very poor. More than half of the workers’ family income was not enough. From November 1927 to October 1928, the then Peking Survey Office and the Shanghai Research Price Bureau (later merged into a tax commission) Of the 230 Shanghai Mill Works survey of family life to reflect more concrete facts about the poverty of Shanghai workers’ families at the time. The survey to Caojiadu in western Shanghai as the survey area. According to the survey, there are 1,097 family workers in the 230 mills, with an average of 4.77 people per household. Among these 1,097 people, there are 538 working people (6 with child labor) and an average of 2.34 working people per household. Most of them work in the mill, of which male workers make up 83.7% of the work in the mill and women work in the mill account for 92.7%. These mill workers worked longer hours, with an average daily working time of 10.4 hours, more than 2 hours and 24 minutes longer than the recognized working hours at that time and some workers working for as long as 12 hours or more. They have been exploited by capitalists, but with very little profit. Among the ordinary workers in the mill, the monthly wage of each male worker is 13.85 yuan (silver dollar, the same below), and the monthly wage of each female worker is 12.15 yuan; Kg price of rice 0.073 yuan calculation, each male worker can only get 190 pounds of white rice, each woman can only get 166 pounds of rice. Because of their relatively low wage income, their family life is very poor. The extent of their poverty can be seen from the following three aspects: