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每逢农村季节性用电高峰期,有些农村特别是供电线路长的地区往往会出现最使农民朋友气恼的电动机转速慢,潜水泵出水量减少或不出水,甚至烧坏电动机等现象。有的农民朋友不懂电业知识,把这一切都归罪于电力部门。所以与农民朋友共同分析、讨论一下这方面的原因。 上述现象的出现和电源频率、电压有直接的关系。国家标准规定我国交流电的额定频率为50赫兹,如果系统低频率运行时,用户的交流电动机转速均按比例降低,许多工农业产品的产量和质量将不同程度地降低。如不及时采取恢复频率措施,将会出现恶性循环,甚至波及发电厂,使其设备损坏,发生事故,造成大面积停电的严重后果。 频率低,会伴随着电压降低,而频率低又是负荷增大所致。一般情况下,离电源越近,负荷越小的用户电压降越小,反之,电压降越大,加之无功功率不能及时补偿,会使远距离用电的电压更低。低电压运行产生的危害是严重的,如电灯发暗,电动机转速下降等。
Every rural seasonal peak period, some rural areas, especially the power supply lines are long areas are often the most annoying farmers friends motor speed is slow, the submersible pump to reduce or no water, or even burn the motor and so on. Some peasant friends do not understand electrical knowledge, blame everything on the power sector. So together with the peasant friends to analyze and discuss the reasons for this. The emergence of these phenomena and the power frequency, voltage has a direct relationship. According to the national standard, the rated frequency of AC is 50 Hz. If the system operates at low frequency, the user’s AC motor speed will be reduced proportionally, and the output and quality of many industrial and agricultural products will be reduced to varying degrees. Failure to take measures to restore frequency promptly will lead to a vicious circle that will even affect power plants, causing damage to equipment and accidents, resulting in serious consequences of a large-scale power outage. Low frequency, will be accompanied by voltage drop, while the low frequency is due to increased load. Under normal circumstances, the closer to the power supply, the smaller the load the smaller the user voltage drop, on the contrary, the greater the voltage drop, combined with reactive power can not be compensated in time, will make the voltage of long-distance electricity lower. Low-voltage operation hazards are serious, such as dark lights, motor speed decline.