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情景预见是个体将自我投射到未来某个特定时间和地点预先体验可能发生的未来事件的一种能力。为了考察幼儿的自我投射能力在情景预见中的可能作用,本研究通过两个实验比较了从自己的视角和从他人视角完成情景预见任务时幼儿的表现。实验1选取236名3~5.5岁典型发展(Typically Developing,TD)幼儿,采用被试间设计发现,总体而言,幼儿为他人做预见优于为自己做预见。实验2采用被试内设计,在TD儿童身上验证了实验1的结果,同时发现,孤独症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder,ASD)儿童为自己做预见与为他人做预见没有差异。综上,幼儿不成熟的自我投射能力会干扰其自我卷入的情景预见,而自我投射能力受损的ASD儿童则没有表现出这种影响。
Situational foresight is the ability of individuals to project themselves to anticipating future events that may occur in advance at a particular time and place in the future. To examine the possible role of young children’s self-projection ability in situational foresight, this study compared the performance of young children from two perspectives: their own perspectives and their scenario predictions from others’ perspectives. Experiment 1 Totally 236 children aged from 3 to 5.5 years were selected for experiment. Based on the inter-subgroup design, children as a whole predicted better than others for themselves. In Experiment 2, the results of Experiment 1 were validated in TD children using the subjects’ designs. At the same time, it was found that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) had no difference in predicting for themselves and for others. To sum up, immature self-projection of young children interferes with their self-involved scenarios and ASD children with impaired self-projection do not show this effect.