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陶瓷材料近十年来获得了飞速发展,据统计1980年高性能陶瓷材料的世界市场就达42亿多美元。陶瓷材料的研究和开发得到重视,是因为其原料来源充足,价格便宜,特别是它具有各种特殊性能。如耐高温、耐磨损,耐腐蚀、比重轻、弹性模量大等,因此世界各工业发达国家都出现了“陶瓷热”。但陶瓷材料也存在着严重缺点。如陶瓷是一种无延性的脆性材料、抗热冲击和机械冲击性很低。要提高其强韧性,其难度比金属材料大得多。近年来在陶瓷强韧化方面大体上采取了如下一些措施。
In recent ten years, ceramic materials have achieved rapid development. According to the statistics, in 1980, the world market for high-performance ceramic materials reached more than 4.2 billion U.S. dollars. The research and development of ceramic materials are valued because of their abundant sources of raw materials and low prices, especially because of their special properties. Such as high temperature, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, light weight, high modulus of elasticity, so the world’s industrialized countries have emerged “ceramic fever.” However, ceramic materials also have serious shortcomings. Such as ceramic is a ductile brittle material, thermal shock and mechanical impact is very low. To enhance its toughness, its much more difficult than the metal material. In recent years, ceramic toughening in general take the following measures.