“胡”和“蛮”最早是北方和南方少数民族的自称,后来在借入汉语中附带了特定的语义内涵,体现在词义结构和造字理据等方面。语言中的这种现象需要联系特定历史背景和文化心理进行解释。 “Hu” and “Man” are the earliest self-proclaimed ethnic minorities in the north and the south. Later they borrowed certain semantic connotations from borrowed Chinese, which are reflected in the meaning structure and the motivation of word making. This phenomenon in language needs to be explained in relation to specific historical contexts and cultural psychology.