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做托里拆利实验时,除了考虑水银上方是否存在“托里拆利真空”外,还要考虑玻璃管的选择。下面笔者仅就利用托里拆利实验测定大气压强的系统误差作一点分析。设用密度为ρ的水银,内径为d的玻璃毛细管做托里拆利实验,测得水银柱高为h。一般我们把实验结果表示为:大气压强的数值等于高为h的水银柱液体的压强值。即:p_0=p_h=ρgh. (1) 如图所示,由于毛细管中水银蒸发将引起附加压强△p,同
In addition to considering whether there is a “Torretronic vacuum” above the mercury, the selection of glass tubes has to be taken into account when conducting the Torreycle experiment. In the following, the author only analyzes the system error of the atmospheric pressure using the Torelli test. Set the mercury with a density of ρ and a glass capillary with an inner diameter of d to do the Torelli test. The height of the mercury column is h. Generally, we express the experimental results as: The value of atmospheric pressure is equal to the value of the mercury column liquid with a height of h. Namely: p_0 = p_h = ρgh. (1) As shown in the figure, the additional pressure Δp will be caused due to mercury vaporization in the capillary.