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目的:为解剖学习和临床影像诊断及手术治疗提供颞骨及岩骨段颈内动脉(petrous carotid artery,PCA)的三维立体形态学参数。方法:该研究中,我们采用数字化可视人(中国首例女性)的数据集(该断层层厚较薄,重建图像更逼真,数据更精确),对颞骨及PCA进行断面解剖学观察,提取相关断面图像信息,分别应用Adobe photoshop CS3、Amira和Maya软件,对颞骨及PCA进行计算机三维重建和虚拟现实显示。结果:通过3个典型的层面(即外半规管层面、前庭窗层面、咽鼓管层面),对其主要结构的断面形态及毗邻关系进行描述。重建三维模型可清楚地显示颞骨内部结构和PCA的形态和空间位置关系,同时尚可任意角度旋转、切割、组合和整体显示相关结构。PCA水平段与PCA弯曲部和内耳道内侧缘连线的夹角平均值为67.5度。结论:采用三维重建技术重建的颞骨及PCA结构清晰,其构建模型可较为准确地揭示颞骨内部结构及与PCA的毗邻关系,为解剖学习和临床应用提供更为直观便捷的参考。
OBJECTIVE: To provide three-dimensional morphological parameters of petrous carotid artery (PCA) in temporal bone and petrous bone for dissection learning, clinical imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment. METHODS: In this study, we used the data set of digitized human (the first female in China) (the slice thickness was thin, the reconstructed image was more realistic and the data more accurate). The anatomy of the temporal bone and PCA were observed and extracted Relevant section image information, respectively, using the Adobe Photoshop CS3, Amira and Maya software, the temporal bone and PCA computer three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual reality display. Results: The cross-sectional morphology and adjacent relationship of the main structures were described by three typical levels (ie, lateral semicircular canal, vestibular level and eustachian tube level). Reconstruction of three-dimensional model can clearly show the internal structure of the temporal bone and PCA morphology and spatial relationship, while still rotating at any angle, cutting, combination and overall display of related structures. The average angle between the PCA level and the PCA flexion and medial ear canal was 67.5 degrees. CONCLUSION: The temporal bone and PCA reconstructed by 3D reconstruction technique have a clear structure. The constructed model can reveal the internal structure of the temporal bone and its adjacent relationship with PCA more accurately and provide a more intuitive and convenient reference for anatomical learning and clinical application.