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(一)多瑙河流域国际水管理概况多瑙河是世界上最重要的国际河流之一,它发源于德国南部高原,流经奥地利、捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利、罗马尼亚,南斯拉夫、保加利亚和苏联,全长2850km。流域面积82万km~2,有支流300多条,流域内还有瑞士、阿尔巴尼亚、意大利和波兰四个国家。多瑙河及其支流对欧洲该地区的社会经济发展、人民生活和人类历史起着重要作用。由于多瑙河流域共有12个国家,是世界上拥有国家最多的河流,而且多瑙河兼有多国河流、界河和内河的性质,因此,它的水资源最优利用是相当困难的。
I. Overview of International Water Management in the Danube Basin The Danube is one of the most important international rivers in the world. It originates from the southern plateau of Germany and flows through Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and the Soviet Union. The total length of the river is 2,850 km. The basin covers an area of 820,000 km2, with more than 300 tributaries. There are also four countries in the basin: Switzerland, Albania, Italy and Poland. The Danube and its tributaries play an important role in the socio-economic development, people’s life and human history in this part of Europe. Because of the 12 countries in the Danube basin, the country has the largest number of rivers in the world, and the Danube has the characteristics of multinational rivers, border and inland rivers, its optimum utilization of water resources is quite difficult.