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目的研究阿尔泰地区福海县齐干吉迭乡15年来囊型包虫病的传播动态,探讨当地影响包虫病传播的主要因素。方法将调查当地2000～2001年人体包虫病的结果与1987年的调查结果进行比较。分析当地自然条件、居民生产、生活行为的变化对包虫病传播的影响。结果 5～15岁哈族儿童的包虫病患病率从1987年的0.9％上升至2000年的2.2％;血清抗体阳性率从18.7％上升至57.8％。表明15年来包虫病感染呈上升态势。汉族儿童的患病率则从1987年的2.5％下降至0.6％。血清抗体阳性率从25.3％下降至18.5％,呈降低趋势。汉族农民居住的村庄和哈族牧民定居点的卫生条件15年来均有十分显著的改善。家犬均栓养,犬细粒棘球绦虫的感染率维持在1987年的水平(19.4％～20.6％)。但高山牧场中家犬感染率为47.8％,明显高于农村和定居点。有51％的哈族儿童几乎每年夏季去高山牧场生活两个月左右。结论汉族儿童中包虫病感染率和患病率的下降,反映了15年来当地农村生活、卫生条件不断改善,包虫病传播强度持续减弱。但高山牧场的环境仍保持着很强的感染压力。生活在河谷平原牧民定居点的哈族儿童,每年夏季去高山牧场生活,是感染包虫病最主要的生态学因素。同时也提示通过牲畜和家大的流动,高山牧场疫源地是包虫病在当地农村和牧民定居点中保持较高传播水平的基础。
Objective To study the transmission of cystic echinococcosis in Qiqiadiyixiang, Fuhai County, Altay Prefecture in the past 15 years, and to explore the main factors influencing the transmission of hydatid disease in the country. Methods The results of a survey of human echinococcosis in the area from 2000 to 2001 were compared with those of the 1987 survey. Analysis of local natural conditions, residents of production, changes in life behavior of echinococcosis spread. Results The prevalence of echinococcosis among Kazakh children aged 5-15 years increased from 0.9% in 1987 to 2.2% in 2000; the positive rate of serum antibody increased from 18.7% to 57.8%. It shows that the echinococcosis infection has been on the rise for 15 years. The prevalence of Han children dropped from 2.5% in 1987 to 0.6%. Serum antibody positive rate decreased from 25.3% to 18.5%, showing a decreasing trend. The health conditions of the Han-peasant-dwelling villages and the Kazakh herdsman settlements have all been significantly improved over the past 15 years. The dogs were housed, and the infection rate of Echinococcus granulosus was maintained at the level of 1987 (19.4% -20.6%). However, the prevalence of domestic dogs in mountain pastures was 47.8%, significantly higher than that in rural areas and settlements. 51% of Kazakh children live in the mountain pastures for almost two months each summer. Conclusions The decrease of echinococcosis infection rate and prevalence rate among Han children reflects that in the past 15 years, the local rural life, the hygiene conditions are continuously improved, and the transmission intensity of hydatid disease continues to decline. However, the environment of alpine pastures still maintains a strong infection pressure. Kazakh children living in pastoral settlements in the valley plains live in alpine pastures every summer and are the most important ecological factors of hydatid disease infection. At the same time, it is also suggested that alpine pasture foci are the basis for the high level of transmission of hydatid disease among local rural areas and pastoralist settlements through the flow of livestock and large families.