论文部分内容阅读
混凝土已成为最重要的建筑材料之一,并具有较大竞争能力和广阔发展前途.一百多年来,混凝土技术发生了三次重大突破:第一次、钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土(1847年左右);第二次、膨胀水泥与自应力混凝土(1920年开始,1956年有定型产品);第三次,无机材料与有机材料复合及减水剂的应用(近一、二十年).使混凝土得到很大发展.尤其近二、三十年、混凝土产量成倍增长.到1980年底全世界水泥年产量已达到10亿吨,混凝土用量约60亿吨.预计到本世纪未,水泥年产量可达15～18亿吨,混凝土用量将达到100亿吨.专家们认为,在1～2百年之内混凝土仍将是最主要的建筑材料.
Concrete has become one of the most important building materials and has great competitiveness and broad development prospects. Over a hundred years, concrete technology has undergone three major breakthroughs: first, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete (around 1847). The second time, the expansion of cement and self-stressing concrete (started in 1920, stereotyped products in 1956); the third time, the application of inorganic materials and organic materials and water reducing agent (nearly one or twenty years). Concrete has been greatly developed. Especially in the last two to three decades, concrete production has doubled. By the end of 1980, the annual cement output in the world had reached 1 billion tons, and the concrete consumption was about 6 billion tons. It is estimated that by the end of this century, the annual cement output Up to 1,500 to 1.8 billion tons, concrete consumption will reach 10 billion tons. Experts believe that in 1 to 200 years, concrete will still be the main building material.