美国自20世纪30年代以来,为遏制由于大规模土地开发导致的土壤表层侵蚀等生态退化,实施了一系列政策保护生态,防止水土流失,其中影响较大的包括土地休耕保护计划(CRP)、环境质量激励计划(EQIP)和保护支持计划(CSP)。通过分析三个计划的具体运作和实施成效,并结合我国林业重点工程的实施现状,提出一些政策建议。 Since the 1930s, the United States has implemented a series of policies to protect the ecological environment and prevent soil erosion, in order to curb ecological degradation such as soil surface erosion caused by large-scale land development. Among them, the more influential ones include land fallow protection plan (CRP) Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) and Conservation Support Program (CSP). By analyzing the concrete operation and implementation results of the three plans and combining with the actuality of the implementation of the key forestry projects in our country, some policy suggestions are put forward.