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目的评价江苏省血吸虫病防治重点村(血防重点村)实施综合治理的效果。方法收集107个血防重点村的基础资料和综合治理措施实施情况,采用现场调查方法,每年对血防重点村历史有螺环境采用系统抽样法进行螺情调查,并进行人畜病情调查,分析17个实施血防重点村综合治理县(市、区)螺情指标和人畜病情指标变化趋势,比较对策实施前后疫情控制效果。结果在全省17个县(市、区)的107个血防重点村共实施“以机代牛”931头,圈养家畜8554头,建造三格式无害化厕所75129座,硬化护坡河道217.4km,建造阻螺涵闸144座,切滩清淤土方324万m3,种植灭螺1521.07hm2,兴林抑螺1746.01hm2,蓄水养殖灭螺906.47hm2,药物灭螺13671.52hm2,居民查病20.87万人,血防健康教育54.85万人次。实施综合治理后,17个县(市、区)全部达到疫情控制标准,其中1个县恢复达到传播阻断标准,6个县(市、区)达到传播控制标准。2003～2008年17个县(市、区)钉螺面积、感染性钉螺面积、钉螺感染率、居民感染率和家畜感染率呈逐年下降趋势,其中钉螺面积分别为7243.06、7625.23、7701.07、5887.96、4487.75hm2和3775.26hm2,感染性钉螺面积分别为2173.93、2130.53、1767.70、1444.34、802.73hm2和124.19hm2,钉螺感染率分别为0.31%、0.16%、0.13%、0.21%、0.09%和0.02%,居民感染率分别为0.57%、0.20%、0.13%、0.03%、0.01%和0.02%,家畜感染率分别为0.40%、0.37%、0.10%、0.04%、0.01%和0,分别比实施综合治理前下降了47.88%、94.29%、92.55%、96.94%和100%。结论整合部门资源,实施整村推进,是加快防治工作进程,实现“治理一片、成功一片、巩固一片”的有效举措。
Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive management of key schistosomiasis prevention and control villages in Jiangsu Province. Methods The basic information of 107 key areas for prevention of blood-borne disease and the implementation of comprehensive management measures were collected. The method of on-the-spot investigation was used to conduct a snail investigation on the historic environment of key areas in the district. Comprehensive prevention and control of key areas of blood-borne diseases in counties (cities, districts) spiral indicators and trends in human and animal disease indicators, control measures before and after the implementation of comparative control. Results A total of 931 heads of cattle were raided in 107 key areas in 17 key counties (cities and districts) in the province. 8554 heads of livestock were housed, 75,129 sanitation-free toilets were built, and 217.4 km, 144 sluices of blocking screw were constructed, and 3.34 million m3 of dredging silt was cut by the beach, 1521.07hm2 for planting snails, 1746.01hm2 for xinglin snail, 906.47hm2 for snails for aquaculture and 13671.52hm2 for snail killing, residents 208,700 People, blood health education 548500 person-time. After the implementation of the comprehensive management, 17 counties (cities, districts) all reached the epidemic control standards. One of the counties resumed the transmission blockage standard, and the six counties (cities and districts) reached the dissemination control standards. The area of snails, the area of infected snails, the infection rate of snails, the infection rate of residents and the infection rate of livestock in 17 counties (cities and districts) from 2003 to 2008 showed a declining trend year by year. The areas of snails were 7243.06, 7625.23, 7701.07, 5888.96 and 4487.77, respectively hm2 and 3775.26 hm2 respectively. Infectious snail areas were 2173.93, 2130.53, 1767.70, 1444.34, 802.73 hm2 and 124.19 hm2, respectively, and the infection rates of snails were 0.31%, 0.16%, 0.13%, 0.21%, 0.09% and 0.02% The rates of infection in livestock were 0.40%, 0.37%, 0.10%, 0.04%, 0.01% and 0 respectively, which were lower than those before comprehensive control 47.88%, 94.29%, 92.55%, 96.94% and 100% respectively. Conclusion The integration of departmental resources and the implementation of village-wide promotion are effective measures to speed up the prevention and control work and achieve “one governance, one success and one consolidation.”